Strategy Safari by Mintzberg - 71628 Words

STRATEGY SAFARI A GUIDED TOURTHROUGH THE WILDS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT HENRY MINTZBERG BRUCE AHLSTRAND JOSEPH LAMPEL T H E FREE PRESS NEW YORK aJaiz. u.frmiu/i  «...* „.;i†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢/ . †¢ . . †¢. »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢.. . .. †¢..†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢.-.†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢a/itiktSii^i THE FREE PRESS A Division of Simon Schuster Inc. 1230 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020 Copyright  © 1998 by Henry Mintzberg, Ltd., Bruce Ahlstrand, and Joseph Lampel All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. THE FREE PRESS and colophon are trademarks of Simon Schuster Inc. Designed by Carla Bolte Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 Permissions acknowledgments appear on pages 393-395. Library of Congress†¦show more content†¦We owe many thank-yous. Bob Wallace of The Free Press must be especially singled out. In the musical chairs world of publishing these x EMBARKATION days, to be able to work with someone of his caliber, dedication, and experience is most unusual. Abby Luthin gave welcome support there as well. Kate Maguire provided great help, as she has so often in the past. (Kate labeled the manuscript The Beast long before it received its current title!) She was supported admirably by Elana Trager, especially in tracking down some tricky bits of information. Coralie Clement dealt with all the references and permissions, plus lots more, working across countries, authors, and problems with remarkable skill. At one point, she wrote in an e-mail, I think it s pretty awesome that I am communicating with a Franco-Anglo-Canadian in India about a book being published in the U.S. and Europe Ahhh, modern life. Particularly wise and helpful were comments on the manuscript provided by Joelle Meiic. Thanks also go to the doctoral students of Henry s colloquium in Montreal, who made a number of helpful suggestions, and to Maeve Quaid, Doug Torgerson, and Me lissa Nadler. We also express our appreciation to Denise Fleck for doing the index. — I — AND OVER HERE, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: THE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT BEAST A fable to begin, often referred to, seldom known: THE BLIND M E N A N D THE ELEPHANT by John Godfrey Saxe (1816-1887) It was six men ofShow MoreRelatedThe Fall And Rise Of Strategic Planning914 Words   |  4 PagesPlanning,† Henry Mintzberg (1994) provides his views on the process of strategic planning. He offers that most companies and organizations start a strategic planning process with little understanding of the definition or actual purpose of planning. He tends to admonish much of the conventional understanding concerning strategic planning and proposes his interpretations. He states that â€Å"the most successful strategies are visions, not plans† (Mintzberg, 1994, p. 107). Mintzberg further states thatRead MoreEnvironmental School of Thought Essay675 Words   |  3 PagesAccording to Mintzberg, the environmental school of thought is a strategy dealing with the forces outside the organization. Unlike the other schools in his book, Strategy Safari, the environment plays a central role in the strategy formation process alongside leadership and the organization where the organization becomes subordinate to the external environment. The environmental school assumptions are that during the formative period of the organization the company shapes itself in response to theRead MorePrescriptive View of Strategy942 Words   |  4 PagesSTRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT By examples, illustrate the prescriptive view of strategy in your organization or any organization known to you and show whether it is working, how it can be improved and your role in making the improvement. Introduction The concept of corporate strategy battles with the perennial issue of determining the overall purpose and scope of an organisation. From a contemporary perspective, it involves the specification of long-term goals and objectives that willRead MoreMercks Acquisition of Medco and the FTC Challenge1013 Words   |  4 Pages1998). When Merck acquired Medco it was a strategy of vertical integration. When a firm acquires another related business it may undertake integration in one of two ways; horizontal or vertical (Mintzberg et al., 2008). The practice of horizontal integration had been common practice in the pharmaceutical industry. Horizontal integration takes place where two firms are the same point in a supply chain undertaking similar processes are brought together (Mintzberg et al, 2008). There are many examplesRead MoreDefinitions Of Strategy For Business Purposes Essay1137 Words   |  5 PagesThe idea of strategy uses in organizations for business purposes, often understand as strategic management, started after the second world-war. The chronological order of definitions of strategy in organizational perspective is given by various writers in table-2. Table 2: Definitions of Strategy in Management Practice Year Contributor and Source Definition 1947 Von Neumann Morgenstern, Theory of Games and Economic Behavior [pp. 79-84] Strategy is a series of actions by a firm that are decidedRead MoreResearch On Entrepreneurship And Intrepreneurship Essay1858 Words   |  8 PagesMATE program. The plan for this literature review is to start by covering the relevant research on business strategy in general and then explore research on entrepreneurship and intrepreneurship as they are both relevant to the context. To add depth and another complimentary perspective, effectuation, causation and brocliage will also be covered and used to assist in describing the strategy creation process that developed during the MATE program. â€Æ' Strategic management and business policy- HungerRead MoreProactive Motivations for International Expansion548 Words   |  2 Pagesapproaches (Deresky, 2011). Proactive strategies are a more aggressive or assertive approach compared to reactive strategies, and are seen where an organization perceive an opportunity which my improve performance. There are four main proactive motivations; the gaining of economies of scale, growth opportunities, resource access and cost savings and finally incentives (Deresky, 2011). Each of these motivations reflects the way that an international expansion strategy may provide the firm with benefitsRead MoreFinancial Accounts of Lawrence Sports: A Simulation989 Words   |  4 PagesMayo, while the payments for the suppliers; Garner Products and Murray Leather Works remain due. The strategy suggested is to readjust the credit terms with Lawrence and the suppliers to reduce the pressure o the cash flow and decrease the requirement for borrowing. The str ategy requires the balancing of the different stakeholders needs in order to retain the good business relationships. The strategy of tightening the credit policy is to be accompanied by the use of the balanced scorecard which willRead MoreOperations Management: Improving McDonalds Burger Assembly Process786 Words   |  3 Pagesassessed, looking at the changes which may be implemented, the impact any proposed change may have on other aspects of the process will need to be assessed. It would be pointless to improve one sub-routine only to decrease efficiency in other areas (Mintzberg et al., 2008). The improvement process can be applied to many other areas of work and life. Applying the same logic, even if not in a formal manner, many help in many areas, from the organization of housework and shopping task through to the managementRead MoreThe Current Crop Of Employees Essay879 Words   |  4 Pageson it. An explanation for what is behind the change by management should be taken into account and should be motivated and explained.At the same time, inability to adapt to innovation and change can be mended through technological advancement. Strategy Implementation on British Airways In relation to business customers, British Airways will need to start considering the option of putting more focus on bringing more value towards services at the same time, passengers on a budget are a majority

A Message Of Parents With Lgbt Children - 858 Words

Love: A Message to Parents with LGBT Children Everyone can attest to the difficulties suffered during the holidays, but parents and caregivers, please face the sad truth that your son or daughter is at a substantially higher likelihood of committing suicide than any other group in this country, and that each person that lost their child, also never thought that it would happen to them. Once you face these truths, please take into consideration that what helped me through difficult times, as the holidays are for many, has been the unconditional love offered by my family. I challenge you to love in the same way. After gorging on the offerings of Thanksgiving, while still seated at the table, we realized it was time for us to fulfill a family tradition born out of an early-90s phase of my mother’s with a fascination for all things new-age. Each of us awkwardly crammed all we were thankful for into a thirty-second impromptu monolog. When the warmth of the spotlight focused on me, I let the estrogen flow, disregarded the patience of the less emotionally in-touch family so obviously seated in frustration, and offered a long-winded exposà © on how each of my relatives before me contributed to all that I am thankful for. It was with the conclusion of my verbose explanation on all my mother does for me, that she took this occasion to voice how, with every mother she has the chance of meeting, she tells the story of, but for her, I might not be alive today. As those that know myShow MoreRelatedThe Activity Dawn Chose For This Assignment Was To Take1733 Words   |  7 PagesInstitutionalized heterosexism was very apparent in the film â€Å"For the Bible Tells Me So†? We meet five Christian families, each with a gay or lesbian child. Parents talk about their marriages and churchgoing, their children s childhood and coming out, their reactions, and changes over time. The stories told by these nine parents and four adult children alternate with talking heads - Protestant and Jewish theologians - and with film clips of fundamentalist preachers and pundits and news clips of peopleRead MoreThe Strugge Is Real860 Words   |  3 Pagesthat good grades can only make it worse. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) youth are often left out and feel bullied or depressed at school. Bullying of the LGBT often begins with name calling like faggot or dyke.Later on it can become really intense with things like physical abuse and no one know s how to make it better. Schools constantly try to keep the problem under the rug(â€Å"Know Your Rights! A Quick Guide for LGBT High School Students†). This could make the teen feel forgotten. If this situationRead MoreWhat Makes Russia so Homophobic?1756 Words   |  7 Pagespossess. It can be expressed in many different negative ways but it almost always results in harm to LGBT people. 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Madonna, in a white suite joined in and began singing her hit classicRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Suicide Essay1220 Words   |  5 Pagesmirror the present day conflicts that are riddled within the LGBT community’s everyday experiences. Shakespeare’s tragic portrayal of lovers who are chained by their family’s enmity and restrictive beliefs is parallel to the modern-day conflicts the LGBT community experiences in the terms of denial of romantic choices, proneness to suicide due to said denial, and the alienation of a certain group of individuals. Romantic choices in the LGBT community are often limited and very much looked down uponRead MoreReverse Discrimination Essay879 Words   |  4 Pagesof the LGBT community, or are students of color. Ames High School is taking on these challenges by setting a series of rules for those who wish to apply to the â€Å"Ambassadors of the World† program, that is bring 20 students to Cuba, 5 of which will have their ticket paid for by the other 15 students. To qualify for that part of the program, the applicant must illustrate good academic performance; contribute to the community; and preferably be a student with a disability, member of the LGBT communityRead MoreMacklemore s Stand For Homosexual Equality1416 Words   |  6 Pagesbisexual and transgender (LGBT) community are outsiders. In America, nearly 9 million people identify themselves as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender. (Slick). Ben Haggerty, better known as his stage name Macklemore, from Seattle, Washington took thi s global conflict and created the very popular music video â€Å"Same Love† which has over 126 million views on YouTube. Around the world, homosexuals are looked down upon, discriminated and are left feeling ashamed. The LGBT community wants equality thereforeRead MoreCensorship Of Children And The Art Industry1488 Words   |  6 PagesCensorship in children s cartoons is something that has a largely negative effect both on children and the art industry as a whole. Censorship can push itself on any number of topics: on violence, on love, on lgbt visibility, and on death. Censoring these scenes only serves to negate the sense of seriousness given to an issue. For instance, if you take away the possibility of a character getting injured or dying during a conflict, you lower the stakes, thus making whatever plot progression may beRead MoreLgbt Youth Discrimination Is A Form Of Aggressive Behavior1396 Words   |  6 PagesSara Varghese Rewriting America Professor Madore 17 February 2016 LGBT Youth Discrimination â€Å"Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior in which someone intentionally and repeatedly causes another person injury or discomfort (American).† Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals, along with many other sexual minority young people, usually experience more bullying, violence, harassment, and degradation at school, than their heterosexual peers. Much of theRead MoreWhy Do I Start Puberty?887 Words   |  4 Pagesin an American household that flashed a message before it starts. â€Å"Warning, it would read, â€Å"now immediately starts Newton’s puberty series. It is normal for some parents to be embarrassed. You have been warned (Newton 2016)†. This is how Norway’s children’s science show, Newton, began eight episodes focused on puberty and preteen behavior. Newton was featured on the public network NRK and was shown in a wide range of public schools (â€Å"Why We Show Children How Sex Works.† 2015). Episodes were title d

Hamlet Essay On Act I Example For Students

Hamlet: Essay On Act I Act one of Hamlet is an excellent introductory act. Shakespeare establishes atmosphere, by introducing the major characters, the role of the supernatural, the revenge plot, the love plot, and the contrast of the Fortinbras plot, as well as Hamlet’s fiegned madness. Through his unique writing style, Shakespeare sets us up for the rest of the story, and captures the reader’s attention, making him want read more. Shakespeare establishes the atmosphere of the play, in scene I. The scene takes place in Elsinore, on a platform before the castle. The atmosphere is one of dark battlements, and nervous sentries, which catches the audiences ttention right away. As the bell tolls twelve on a frosty night, a silent ghost of the late King Hamlet apperars twice. This provides one of the high points of the scene, along with this, Shakespeare presents the reader with information, regarding the military preparations in Denmark. All of this provides for a dark, mysterious atmosphere, where the reader is wanting to know more. Shakesperare continues to establish atmosphere in scene III. In this scene, atmosphere of a diferent kind is created. This scene is a family scene, in which brotherly, and fatherly advice creates an atmosphere quite different rom that of the appearance of the ghost and the problems of Hamlet and his relatives. This creates an atmosphere of love, and betrayall, whereby Ophelia is forced to obey her father Polonious, and is told to be careful with Hamlet, as he is a prince, and will not look to marry just anyone, such as herself. Shakespeare continues to develop atmosphere throughout the act, and uses the atmosphere to introduce some of the characters in the play. Shakespeare introduces some of the major characters in the play, and leaves lasting impressions of each on the reader. Bernardo, and Francisco are ntroduced in the first scene, as officers watching their posts, but it is Horetio that leaves the greatest impression, as he is described as a well educated scholar, and seems to have great importance to the development of the play. In scene II, Claudious, the present King of Denmark is introduced. He is the uncle of Hamlet, and just so happens to be masrried to Hamlet’s mother, creating a definate first impression. Hamlet is aslo introduced, and the impression perceived is one of a troubled individual, who is grieving his father’s death, and is angry at his mother for marrying his uncle Claudious. Ophelia, Hamlet’s girlfriend, and the daughter of Polonious is introduced in scene III. She is described as a rather affectionate, but rather docile individual. All throughout act one, Hamlet’s dead father’s ghost keeps appearing, but does not speak until scene five, where it tells Hamlet to avenge his death, and to kill his uncle Claudious. This describes Claudious’s character, of a cold blooded murderer, and leaves a vivid picture of what the ghost of King Hamlet, looks like, as a supernatural being. This ploy for Hamlet to avenge his father’s wrongful death, leads into the idea of a revenge plot. Shakespeare develops several plots in act one of Hamlet. The main three are: revenge, love, and contrast. The revenge plot is set up by Shakespeare in scene V. In this scene, Hamlet is made aware for the first time, that his Uncle Claudious is the murderer of his father, the late King of Denmark. Hamlet swears to avenge his father’s death. He then learns that his mother is married to his uncle, and his disalusionment becomes even greater. Hamlet desides to confuse his enemy, and seeks revenge for his late father, thus creating the plot of revenge. The love plot is introduced through Ophelia, and her feelings for Hamlet. In scene III, Laertes patronizes Ophelia, warning her to stay away from Hamlet. These warnings against Hamlet, acquaint the reader with the romantic plot, or love plot. The other aspect of the love plot, is the relationship of Hamlets mother Gertrude, with his uncle Claudious. .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d , .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d .postImageUrl , .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d , .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d:hover , .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d:visited , .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d:active { border:0!important; } .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d:active , .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub63aa26c847806835e05dedd9737ce2d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Stranger Essay ThesisThis incestful arrangement creates not only a plot of deceit, but one of unlawful love and romance, thus contributing to the love plot. The third plot that Shakespeare introduces in act one, is the contrast of the Fortinbras plot. This is established on the international scene, with the dispatch of the ambassadors to Norway, Fortinbras eing the prince of Norway. All three plots, revenge, love and contrast contribute to the depiction of Hamlet’s feigned madness Hamlet’s plan to Feign madness creates suspense for the reader. In scene V, Hamlet finds out that his uncle Claudious is responsible for the murder of his father. His father’s ghost appears and requests that he avenge the evil murder, and kill Claudious. Hamlet is also informed of the adultery with his uncle and mother. Hamlet promises to avenge the death of his father, in order to seek revenge, so that his father may rest in peace. Hamlet becomes xtremely angry, and in a flash, desides to play the madman, in order to confuse his enemy. Hamlet’s last words in scene V illustrate his despair, but he is determined to avenge his father’s death. This creates suspense for the reader, wanting to know what will happen to Claudious, and how Hamlet will deal with the situation presented. Shakespeare uses suspense throughout act one as a tool to keep the reader interested in what is to come, and he does this very effectively. In act one, Shakespeare combines atmosphere, development of character, plot structure,and madness, in order to set the stage for the rest of the play to come. Act one is an excellent introductory act, in that it provides enough information to enable the audience to understand the situation. and to keep them interested, and wanting to read more. In five short scenes, Shakespeare introduces seven important characters, including the ghost of King Hamlet. He has also made the reader aware of the domestic situation of the royal family, and has made the audience realize that this is a play of revenge. Shakespeare writes act one of Hamlet in such a way, that it captures the readers attention, and using the tools of foreshadowing, an suspense, he makes his audience urge to know and read more.

IPO Research Paper Essay Example

IPO Research Paper Essay IPO (Initial Public Offering) is the first public share sale of a joint-stock company, including the sale in the form depositary receipts for shares, to the unlimited circle of persons. The sale of shares can occur both by placing of additional issue of equities via open subscription and by the public sale of issued shares. University and college students trying their best to prepare a decent research proposal on the topic have to remember that it is very important to cover all the different aspects of this complex phenomenon and for that purpose a good source of the relevant information is quite irreplaceable. For starters you may safely use free example research papers, which can be considered quite a decent channel of the data. There are a few primary purposes for IPO, importance of that can differ depending on a certain case: Bringing in of capital in a company: realization of IPO allows the company to get access to the capital of much more larger circle of investors. The company shares at the capital market gives the most objective estimation to the company cost, which can be used as an instrument of estimation of activity and motivation of managers, or reference-point for the transactions of confluence and merger. The shareholders of company get possibility to sell their whole stock or part of the shares and to capitalize the expected future income of the company. Liquidity of capital of shareholders after realization of IPO also increases sharply, for example, the banks give out credits much more willingly on the security of the shares of the quoted (public) companies then the closed (private) companies. After realization of IPO the company becomes public, with clear and transparent accounting, which is priority of most companies. We will write a custom essay sample on IPO Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on IPO Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on IPO Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer At the preliminary stage, the adequate estimation of the company cost is important, in order to avoid the overvalue of assets by the interested party, as happened at the beginning of 2000s, after IPO of internet-companies. At the western fund market, inflation of â€Å"bubble† of internet-companies and crash of dot-coms have happened, as a result the index of NASDAQ tumbling more than three times, due to the enhanceable volatility and incorrect primary estimations of the companies. For the resolution of the situation in the Europe and USA an act was passed about the division of commissions according to which, the fixed part of the broker’s withholdings is paid for the analysis. As a result analytical agencies got the stable financing and possibility to develop, and investors got access to independent analysis from a side disinterested in sales. IPO today is one of the most important instruments of the fund market, which is of great interest for the developing companies. Are you looking for a top-notch custom research paper about IPO? Is confidentiality as important to you as the high quality of the product? Try our writing service at EssayLib.com! We can offer you professional assistance at affordable rates. Our experienced PhD and Master’s writers are ready to take into account your smallest demands. We guarantee you 100% authenticity of your paper and assure you of dead on time delivery. Proceed with the order form:

The Best of Tsunami-Resistant Building

The Best of Tsunami-Resistant Building Architects and engineers can design buildings that will stand tall during even the most violent earthquakes. However, a tsunami (pronounced soo-NAH-mee), which is caused by an earthquake, has the power to wash away entire villages. Tragically, no building is tsunami-proof, but some buildings can be designed to resist forceful waves. The challenge of the architect is to design for the event AND design for beauty - the same challenge faced in safe room design. Understanding Tsunamis Tsunamis are usually generated by powerful earthquakes underneath large bodies of water. The seismic event creates a wave that is more complex than when the wind simply blows the waters surface. The wave can travel hundreds of miles an hour until it reaches shallow water and a shoreline. The Japanese word for harbor is tsu and nami means wave. Because Japan is heavily populated, surrounded by water, and in an area of great seismic activity, tsunamis are often associated with this Asian country. They occur, however, all over the world. Historically tsunamis in the United States are most prevalent on the West coast, including California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska and, of course, Hawaii. A tsunami wave will behave differently depending on the underwater terrain surrounding the shoreline (i.e., how deep or shallow the water is from the shoreline). Sometimes the wave will be like a tidal bore or surge, and some tsunamis dont crash onto the shoreline at all like a more familiar, wind-driven wave. Instead, the water level may rise very, very quickly in what is called a wave runup, as if the tide has come in all at once - like a 100 foot high tide surge. Tsunami flooding may travel inland more than 1000 feet, and the rundown creates continued damage as the water quickly retreats back out to sea.   What Causes the Damage? Structures tend to be destroyed by tsunamis because of five general causes. First is the force of the water and high-velocity water flow. Stationary objects (like houses) in the path of the wave will resist the force, and, depending how the structure is constructed, the water will go through or around it. Second, the tidal wave will be dirty, and the impact of debris carried by the forceful water may be what destroys a wall, roof, or piling. Third, this floating debris can be on fire, which is then spread among combustible materials. Fourth, the tsunami rushing onto land and then retreating back to the sea creates unexpected erosion and scour of foundations. Whereas erosion is the general wearing away of the ground surface, scour is more localized  - the type of wearing away you see around piers and piles as water flows around stationary objects. Both erosion and scour compromise a structures foundation. The fifth cause of damage is from the waves wind forces. Guidelines for Design In general, flood loads can be calculated like for any other building, but the scale of a tsunamis intensity make building more complicated. Tsunami flood velocities are said to be highly complex and site-specific. Because of the unique nature of building a tsunami-resistant structure, FEMA has a special publication called Guidelines for Design of Structures for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunamis. Early warning systems and horizontal evacuation have been the main strategy for many years. The current thinking, however, is to design buildings with vertical evacuation areas: ...a building or earthen mound that has sufficient height to elevate evacuees above the level of tsunami inundation, and is designed and constructed with the strength and resiliency needed to resist the effects of tsunami waves.... Individual homeowners as well as communities may take this approach. Vertical evacuation areas can be part of the design of a multi-story building, or it can be a more modest, stand-alone structure for a single purpose. Existing structures such as well-constructed parking garages could be designated vertical evacuation areas. 8 Strategies for Tsunami-Resistant Construction Shrewd engineering combined with a swift, efficient warning system can save thousands of lives. Engineers and other experts suggest these strategies for tsunami-resistant construction: Build structures with reinforced concrete instead of wood, even though wood construction is more resilient to earthquakes. Reinforced concrete or steel-frame structures are recommended for vertical evacuation structures.Mitigate resistance. Design structures to let the water flow through. Build multi-story structures, with the first floor being open (or on stilts) or breakaway so the major force of water can move through. Rising water will do less damage if it can flow underneath the structure. Architect Daniel A. Nelson and Designs Northwest Architects often use this approach in the residences they build on the Washington Coast. Again, this design is contrary to seismic practices, which makes this recommendation complicated and site specific.Construct deep foundations, braced at the footings. A tsunamis force can turn an otherwise solid, concrete building completely on its side.Design with redundancy, so that the structure can experience partial failure (e.g., a destroyed post) with out progressive collapse. As much as possible, leave vegetation and reefs intact. They wont stop tsunami waves, but they can slow them down.Orient the building at an angle to the shoreline. Walls that directly face the ocean will suffer more damage.Use continuous steel framing strong enough to resist hurricane-force winds.Design structural connectors that can absorb stress. Whats the Cost? FEMA estimates that a tsunami-resistant structure, including seismic-resistant and progressive collapse-resistant design features, would experience about a 10 to 20% order-of-magnitude increase in total construction costs over that required for normal-use buildings. This article briefly describes design tactics used for buildings in tsunami-prone coastlines. For details about these and other construction techniques, explore the primary sources. Sources United States Tsunami Warning System, NOAA / National weather Service, tsunami.gov/Erosion, Scour, and Foundation Design, FEMA, January 2009, PDF at https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1644-20490-8177/757_apd_5_erosionscour.pdfCoastal Construction Manual, Volume II FEMA, 4th edition, August  2011, pp. 8-15, 8-47, PDF at https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1510-20490-1986/fema55_volii_combined_rev.pdfGuidelines for Design of Structures for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunami, 2nd edition, FEMA P646, April 1, 2012, pp. 1, 16, 35, 55, 111, PDF at https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1426211456953-f02dffee4679d659f62f414639afa806/FEMAP-646_508.pdf  Tsunami-Proof Building by Danbee Kim, http://web.mit.edu/12.000/www/m2009/teams/2/danbee.htm, 2009 [accessed August 13, 2016]The Tech To Make Buildings Earthquake - and Tsunami - Resistant by Andrew Moseman, Popular Mechanics, March 11, 2011How to Make Buildings Safer in Tsunamis by Rollo Reid, Reid Steel

Why Black People Had a Complex Relationship With Fidel Castro

Why Black People Had a Complex Relationship With Fidel Castro When Fidel Castro died on Nov. 25, 2016, Cuban exiles in the United States celebrated the demise of a man they called an evil dictator. Castro committed a series of human rights abuses, they said, silencing political dissidents by imprisoning or killing them. U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio  (R-Florida) summed up the feelings of many Cuban Americans about Castro in a statement he released after  the ruler’s passing. â€Å"Sadly, Fidel Castro’s death does not mean freedom for the Cuban people or justice for the democratic activists, religious leaders, and political opponents he and his brother have jailed and persecuted,† Rubio said. â€Å"The dictator has died, but the dictatorship has not. And one thing is clear, history will not absolve Fidel Castro; it will remember him as an evil, murderous dictator who inflicted misery and suffering on his own people.† In contrast, blacks throughout the African Diaspora viewed Castro through a more complicated lens. He may have been a brutal dictator but he was also an ally to Africa, an anti-imperialist who eluded assassination attempts by the U.S. government and a champion of education and healthcare. Castro supported the efforts of African nations to liberate themselves from colonial rule, opposed apartheid and granted exile to a prominent African American radical. But along with  these deeds, Castro faced criticism from blacks during the years before  his death because of racism’s persistence in Cuba. An Ally to Africa Castro proved himself to be a friend to Africa as various countries there fought for independence during the 1960s and ’70s. After Castro’s death, Bill Fletcher, Black Radical Congress founder, discussed the unique  relationship between the Cuban Revolution in 1959 and Africa on the Democracy Now! radio program. â€Å"The Cubans were very supportive of the Algerian struggle against the French, which succeeded in 1962,† Fletcher said. â€Å"They went on to support the various anti-colonial movements in Africa, including in particular  the anti-Portuguese movements in Guinea-Bissau, Angola, and Mozambique. And they were unquestioning in their support for the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa.† Cuba’s support to Angola as the West African nation fought for independence from Portugal in 1975 set into motion apartheid’s end. Both the Central Intelligence Agency and the apartheid government of South Africa tried to thwart the revolution, and Russia objected to Cuba intervening in the conflict. That didnt deter Cuba from getting involved, however. The 2001 documentary Fidel: The Untold Story chronicles how Castro sent 36,000 troops to keep South African forces from attacking Angola’s capital city and more than 300,000 Cubans aided in Angola’s independence struggle - 2,000 of whom were killed during the conflict. In 1988, Castro sent in even more troops, which helped to overcome the South African army and, thus, advance the mission of black South Africans. But Castro didn’t stop there. In 1990, Cuba also played a role in helping Namibia win independence from South Africa, another blow to the apartheid government. After Nelson Mandela was freed from prison in 1990, he repeatedly thanked Castro.   â€Å"He was a hero in Africa, Latin America, and North America for those who needed freedom from oligarchic and autocratic oppression,† the Rev. Jesse Jackson said of Castro in a statement about the Cuban leader’s death. â€Å"While Castro, unfortunately, denied many political freedoms, he at the same time did establish many economic freedoms - education and health care. He changed the world. While we may not agree with all of Castro’s actions, we can accept his lesson that where there is oppression there must be resistance.† Black Americans like Jackson  have long expressed admiration for Castro, who famously met with Malcolm X in Harlem in 1960 and sought out meetings with other black leaders. Mandela and Castro South Africa’s Nelson Mandela publicly praised Castro for his support of the anti-apartheid struggle. The military support Castro sent to Angola helped to destabilize the apartheid regime and pave the way for new leadership. While Castro stood on the right side of history, as far as apartheid was concerned, the U.S. government is said to have been involved in Mandela’s 1962 arrest and even characterized him as a terrorist. Moreover, President  Ronald Reagan vetoed the Anti-Apartheid Act. When Mandela was released from prison after serving 27 years for his political activism, he described Castro as an â€Å"inspiration to all freedom-loving people.† He applauded Cuba for remaining independent in spite of fierce opposition from imperialist nations such as the United States. He said that South Africa also wished â€Å"to control our own destiny† and publicly asked Castro to visit. â€Å"I haven’t visited my South African homeland yet,† Castro said. â€Å"I want it, I love it as a homeland. I love it as a homeland as I love you and the South African people.† The Cuban leader finally traveled to South Africa in 1994 to watch Mandela become its first black president. Mandela faced criticism for supporting Castro but kept his promise not to ignore his allies in the fight against apartheid. Why Black Americans Admire Castro African Americans have long felt a kinship to the people of Cuba  given the island nation’s considerable black population. As Sam Riddle, political director of Michigan’s National Action Network told the Associated Press, â€Å"It was Fidel who fought for the human rights for black Cubans. Many Cubans are as black as any black who worked in the fields of Mississippi or lived in Harlem. He believed in medical care and education for his people.† Castro ended segregation after the Cuban Revolution and gave asylum to Assata Shakur (nee Joanne Chesimard), a black radical who fled there after a 1977 conviction for killing a state trooper in New Jersey. Shakur has denied wrongdoing. But Riddle’s portrayal of Castro as a race relations hero may be somewhat romanticized given that black Cubans are overwhelmingly poor, underrepresented in positions of power and locked out of jobs in the country’s burgeoning tourism industry, where lighter skin appears to be a prerequisite to entry. In 2010, 60 prominent African Americans, including Cornel West and filmmaker Melvin Van Peebles, issued a letter attacking Cubas human rights record, especially as it related to black political dissidents. They expressed concern that the Cuban government had â€Å"increased violations of civil and human rights for those black activists in Cuba who dare raise their voices against the islands racial system.† The letter also called for the release from prison of black activist and physician Darsi Ferrer. Castro’s revolution may have promised equality for blacks, but he was ultimately unwilling to engage those who pointed out that racism remained. The Cuban government responded to the concerns of the African American group by simply denouncing their statement.

Moral & Cultural Relativism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Moral & Cultural Relativism - Essay Example One person may hold the opinion that strawberry flavor is sweeter than a Vanilla flavor. According to that person, no reasoning can be applied to decide whether his opinion concerning the taste is right or wrong. In this case, the opinions concerning ice cream tastes are relative. In the context of mathematics, when one presents a calculation like 3+3=5, we term the situation as wrong. We do not say that the calculations depend on the taste and perception of the person doing it but we say that the person is wrong. In this case, there are clearly defined standards that differentiate right from wrong. This mathematical example amounts to a context of absolutism. When extended to the contexts of morality, these contexts lead to the aspects of moral relativism and moral absolutism (Rauchut 349). Moral Relativism vs. Moral Absolutism Moral relativism advocates that there are no universal or defined moral standards governing social situations within any given social setting. Moral relativi sts advocate that there are no moral codes of conducts which apply universally at all times. With respect to this assertion, no one can say that someone is wrong or right because such a claim would amount to judging people based on some standards, which is contrary to the ideas of moral relativism. ... In the context of morality, absolutism asserts that moral codes of conduct are relevant at all times, regardless of the situation surrounding the same moral codes. However, moral absolutism allows for flexibility when evaluating morally violated contexts. Absolutists usually allow for the reasoning on the code of conduct with respect to the situation under consideration. For example, according to moral absolutism, the act of killing is wrong. However, the situation surrounding the action might justify the action as appropriate, but not as right. Therefore, moral absolutism acknowledges the existence of universal moral principles everywhere in the world (Rauchut 361). Arguments for Moral Absolutism In the context of morality, I will stand for the aspect of moral absolutism, and stand against moral relativism. In moral absolutism, one can judge a situation as right or wrong, irrespective of the situation under consideration. In the context of social interactions within any given human population, there are situations which are guided by some set of moral principles. For example, stealing is wrong. It is natural to see a parent disciplining a child because the child has stolen from a neighbor. According to absolutism, the act of stealing is based on the unnecessary economic predicament caused by that action to the victim. Therefore, moral principles advocate that it is absolutely wrong to steal, irrespective of the situation. If moral relativism were applied in such a situation, it would argue that the parent should not judge the child as right or wrong by the act of stealing; hence the child would not have been punished. Therefore, moral absolutism helps in developing